Biography of Fe del Mundo, Noted Filipino Pediatrician

Fe Del Mundo (Nov. 27, 1911–Aug. 6, 2011) is credited with studies that led to the invention of an improved incubator and a device to treat jaundice.  Along with pioneering work in  pediatrics, she had an active medical practice  in the Philippines that spanned eight decades and founded a major childrens hospital in that country. Fast Facts: Fe Del Mundo Known For: Conducted studies that led to the invention of an improved incubator and a device to treat jaundice. She also founded a major childrens hospital in the Philippines and created the BRAT diet.Also Known As: Fe Villanueva del Mundo, Fà © Primitiva del Mundo y VillanuevaBorn: Nov. 27, 1911 in Manila, PhilippinesParents: Paz (nà ©e Villanueva) and Bernardo del MundoDied: Aug. 6, 2011  in Quezon City, PhilippinesEducation: UP College of Medicine (original campus of the  University of the Philippines)  in  Manila (1926–1933, medical degree),  Boston University School of Medicine (Master of Science in Bacteriology, 1940), Harvard Medical Schools Childrens Hospital (1939–1941, two-year research fellowship)Published Works: Textbook of Pediatrics and Child Health (1982), she also authored more than 100 articles, reviews, and reports published in  medical journalsAwards and Honors: National Scientist of the Philippines, Elizabeth Blackwell Award for Outstan ding Service to Mankind (1966), Ramon Magsaysay Award for Outstanding Public Service (1977), named Outstanding Pediatrician and Humanitarian by the International Pediatric Association (1977)Notable Quote: â€Å"I told the Americans who wanted me to stay that I prefer to go home and help the children. I know that with my training for five years at Harvard and different medical institutions in America, I can do much.† Early Years and Education Del Mundo was born in Manila on Nov. 27, 1911. She was the sixth of eight children.  Her father Bernardo served one term in the Philippine Assembly, representing the province of  Tayabas. Three of her eight siblings died in infancy,  while an older sister died from  appendicitis  at age 11.  It was the death of her older sister, who had made known her desire to become a doctor for the poor, that pushed the young Del Mundo toward the medical profession. At age 15, Del Mundo entered the University of the Philippines and earned a medical degree with highest honors in 1933. In 1940, she received a masters degree in bacteriology from the Boston University School of Medicine. Some sources say that Del Mundo was Harvard Medical Schools first female medical student. The university itself says that is inaccurate, as Harvard did not admit female medical students at the time and there are no records of Del Mundo attending or graduating. However, Del Mundo did complete a two-year research fellowship at Harvard Medical Schools Childrens Hospital in 1941. The Angel of Santo Tomas Del Mundo returned to the Philippines in 1941. She joined the  International Red Cross  and volunteered to care for children-internees at the  University of Santo Tomas  internment camp for foreign nationals.  She established a makeshift hospice within the internment camp and became known as The Angel of Santo Tomas. After the Japanese authorities shut down the hospice in 1943, Del Mundo was asked by Manilas mayor to head a childrens hospital under the auspices of the city government. The hospital was later converted into a full-care medical center to cope with the increasing casualties during the  Battle of Manila and would be renamed the North General Hospital. Del Mundo would remain the hospitals director until 1948. Del Mundo later became the director of the Department of Pediatrics at Far Eastern University and her breakthroughs in research surrounding infant care led to commonly  practiced  methods worldwide—including the BRAT diet, which cures diarrhea. Del Mundo Opens Hospital Frustrated by the bureaucratic constraints in working for a government hospital, Del Mundo wanted to establish her own pediatric hospital. She sold her home and got a loan to finance the construction of her own hospital. The Childrens Medical Center, a 100-bed hospital located in  Quezon City, was inaugurated in 1957 as the first pediatric hospital in the Philippines. The hospital was expanded in 1966 through the establishment of an Institute of Maternal and Child Health, the first institution of its kind in  Asia. Later Years and Death Having sold her home to finance the medical center, del Mundo chose to reside on the second floor of the hospital itself. She retained her living quarters at the hospital, rising daily and continuing to make her daily rounds, even though she was wheelchair-bound in her later years. Del Mundo died at age 99 on Aug. 6, 2011,  in Quezon City, Philippines. Legacy Del Mundos accomplishments are still remembered years after her death. The hospital she founded is still open and now bears her name, the Fe Del Mundo Medical Center. In November 2018, Del Mundo was honored with a Google doodle. Under the doodle, which the search engine site displays occasionally on its home page to honor various notable individuals, Google added the caption: Del Mundos choice to specialize in pediatrics may have been shaped by the loss of 3 siblings, who died as infants during her childhood in Manila. Sources Betuel, Emma. â€Å"Fe Del Mundo, Fearless Female Doctor, Describes Her Life in Her Own Words.†Ã‚  Inverse.Chris Riotta New York chrisriotta. â€Å"Inside the Life of Fe Del Mundo, Harvard Medical Schools First Female Student.†Ã‚  The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 27 Nov. 2018.â€Å"Home.† Fe Del Mundo Medical Center | Hospital Quezon City, 19 Mar. 2019.â€Å"HWS: Fe Del Mundo.†Ã‚  Hobart and William Smith Collegesï » ¿Smith, Kiona N. â€Å"Tuesdays Google Doodle Honors Pediatrician Fe Del Mundo.†Ã‚  Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 27 Nov. 2018.

Beginning with Science Study Sheet Essay - 1734 Words

Beginning with Science 02: Scientific Investigation For this assignment you will do two things: Part I: Evaluate one experimental design. (10 points) Part II: Design your own experiment using the scientific method. (40 points) Review each scenario below, and choose one to complete for your assignment. Each scenario contains specific questions that will ask you to provide examples, explain your suggestions for improvement, and refer to the lesson. Be sure to respond to each question in complete sentences. Part I: Scenarios (select only one) Scenario 1 Christopher and Kate noticed that after a rainstorm some of the rocks in their yard appear to shrink. They wondered how the mass of the rocks changed when dissolved in water. To†¦show more content†¦Once the data is collected, he concludes that the hypothesis is not supported. 1. What are the major flaws in Matthews experimental design? What are the strengths of the experimental design? Explain each in detail using terms from the lesson. 2. This experiment is not able to support Matthews hypothesis. Suggest specific improvements that will allow the experiment to more effectively test the given hypothesis. Explain why these changes are improvements. Part II: Designing an Experiment (select only one) For the second part of your assignment, you will apply the scientific method to a real-life situation. You will select a problem that leads to a testable question, similar to the scenarios presented in Part I and explain how you would follow each step of the scientific method to try and answer the question or solve the problem. Note: you are describing only what you would do at each step; you will not be conducting the experiment. Choose one of the following four problems to design your experiment. Problem 1 Your family has planted a garden. You observe that some of the plants in the garden have teeth marks in them. What is eating the plants? 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Extension of Congruity Theory and Sources †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Extension of Congruity Theory and Sources. Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior and the knowledge and understanding of the interest and attitudes of consumers have become a very significant element in the modern business world as stated by Chen, Kim, and Lin, (2015). At most times consumers always find themselves been indifferent in making choices the will help them satisfy their wants. Consumer behavior, in this case, may be described as the inductive study of different groups, organizations, and individuals in a bid to understand their processes in selecting, use and disposal of products, their experiences, and ideas in satisfying their needs. Many marketing researchers have always tried to provide an understanding and help in the determination of the impact caused by advertising on consumer attitudes towards the purchase of products. They propose a likely potential for a direct link between the attitudes of consumers towards an advertisement and a similar attitude and behavior towards the brand been advertised as analyzed by Soopramanien (20 11, p. 34). Both company advertising and online review are techniques used by marketing officers to enhance and grow their sales. In this study we will provide an understanding of both techniques on what they entail, the impact they bear on consumer decision on purchasing products as well as propose the technique that consumers seem to believe and rely upon than the other. Business advertising and information systems around the globe suggest that most of the companies advertising both through the traditional and through the internet have been argued to be ignored by the audience and at times seen to have no value according to Walther et al. (2012, p. 90). Advertising of company products has been a channel through which most businesses and companies have recorded increased profit margins due to the extensive cover and reach to the companys customers. Owing to its benefits, it cannot be ignored that advertising is a key and significant factor driving the increased financial gains in different companies. However, due to the vast business environments and increased demands of products with detailed specification, the mode of conducting company advertisement has drastically changed from the traditional advertising technique to online business reviews. And as much as the businesses have embraced the change the underlying question is which technique bears mor e positive effects to consumers in making their purchases (Dhurup, Muposhi, Shamhuyenhanzva, 2015, p. 78). Some of the reasons leading to the decline in reliance on traditional media and internet advertising include; increased number of advertisements which are competing for individual attention on a daily basis as provided by Farhangi et al. (2015, p. 678).The time and resource for advertisements are also limited, and hence individuals cannot or find it difficult to dedicate time for the advertisements. Consumer attitudes towards advertisement in the modern world have been used to for different purposes, functions in both building product brands as well as for directional purposes. Different factors have led to different perceptions of advertisements among the consumers as noted by Kugler (2014, p. 45). Consumer attitude about advertising and purchasing of products can be defined as a certain predisposition in consumers which influences their behavior to react and respond in a favorable or unfavorable manner to a particular advertisement. Such an attitude by the consumers can result in e ither an effective component or a cognitive component. An effective component in consumer behavior reflects the emotions evoked by the advertisement while cognitive component reflects the usefulness of the information and message in the advertisement. The way in which a consumer assesses an advertisement has been linked to the impact on the brand attitude by the consumer. Such a result shows that both the consumer attitude towards the brand and the intention to purchase a product is influenced not only by the consumer belief on the brand but also to some extent by the attitude of the consumer towards the advertisement. Another factor which can trigger affective and cognitive feelings towards a particular advertisement is the consumer exposure to the advertisement. Such feelings and thoughts will then influence the consumer's attitude towards the brand being advertised both directly and indirectly through shaping the brand cognitions. It is believed that the consumers with a positive favorable attitude towards an advertisement tend to be more receptive to arguments for the brand being advertised. An advert should not take more attention as compared to the brand attributes as the attributes of a brand or product sell it more as compared to the advertisement itself. There is an argument that consumer levels of involvement in the purchasing decision may also influence by the consumer's attitude towards the brand, these were observations of Schindler and Bickart (2012, p. 78).In this case, the brand attitude is higher under low involvement conditions. Although some other studies show that the consumer attitudes to advertisements often contribute to brand attitudes under both high and low consumer involvement. These findings are supported by the by the fact that different components of consumer attitude to the advertisements require both the central and peripheral processing of the communication messages. Therefore under low involvement, the response of feeling evoked by the advertisement is seeing to be a major contributor to the possibility of consumers to like the advertisement . If the feelings towards the advertisement are positive then the way in which the advertisement information is also evaluated favorably. Hence the effective component and cognitive component seems to surround the consumer knowledge on the products which limits the usefulness of the technique as many individuals do not have the time to concentrate on advertisements as pointed out by Lemon and Verhoef (2016, p. 34). On the other hand, online product reviews have become an important source of information source of income for consumers in guiding them in making purchase decisions, especially in emerging markets due to the limited information available on the market. There has been an increase or rapid growth in the number of internet users who have adopted the new alternative use of internets to get or search for products. Most of the current online shopping reviews are all about delivering, packaging but not on the actual products. Consumer attitude, in this case, is said to be a combination of perceptions, values, and beliefs. Customers or consumers must therefore first perceive the product as the product, the focus on the value and beliefs attached to the product and then make decisions as to whether they will purchase the products or not as discussed in a report by Jha and Singhs (2014, p. 78). According to Nitzan andLibra (2011), the online reviews have some advantages over company advertisements, which have contributed to popularizing of the online reviews as more reliable and most trusted. Online reviews provide face to face settings where one can engage in conversation online. Since the platform of engagement, the consumer also can escape from negative feelings easily as compared to when doing company advertisement especially the mouth to mouth advertising. The information displayed online caters for the needs of other consumers, and therefore one question may solve a number to other customers. The online reviews provide a self-enhancement platform where one can gain more knowledge of the product as provided online and also the reviews provide advice through responding to customer queries and concerns. There is an also increased social benefit as well as economic incentives such as discounts. Finally, the online review provides a platform to the customers to also help t he company. There are also an increased number of other studies which also provide trust is a significant virtue in online reviews in stimulating purchase. Consumers or customers in electronic commerce have to trust not only the website but also the company behind the site and why the site is trustworthy, as outlined in the study by Mudambi and Schuff (2010, p. 67). Trust, therefore, plays an important role in influencing consumer attitudes. Lemon and Verhoef (2016) also denote that the characteristics of the websites and the given information available might influence the online consumers of brands attitudes towards the online vendors. When a customer or consumer perceive that a website of a certain company presents quality information, they are more likely to have confidence that the vendor is reliable and trustworthy. The effects of a positive online review will, in the end, influence the customer attitudes towards a product. Online review risks can be cognition based, affect-based, experience based or even personality based. Such risks, however, may affect consumers attitudes and decisions about the purchase a product or not. Consumers may be afraid of the risks of fraud in the websites, the risk of inability to see, feel and try out a product and the sharing of personal details such as address and bank accounts. A bad experience with such risks from the customers may prompt the customers to post or such negative experiences on blogs and may adversely affect the companies (Wu et al. 2016, p. 67). Conclusion Both company advertising and online reviews play an important role in the marketing of products. However, the company advertising is more complex and ineffective in meeting the needs of the targeted market due to its nature while the online review technique has become the order of the day in the modern business world. Despite been posed with some associated risks, mechanisms to deal with the fraud issues need to be developed. The number of advantages attached to the online review outweighs the disadvantages or the risks associated with the websites. Consumers can, therefore, believe in the online reviews as compared to the company advertisement. There is an increased need for consumer knowledge and awareness in the online reviews. List of References Chen, K, Kim, J, Lin, J 2015, 'The effects of affective and cognitive elaborations from Facebook posts on consumer attitude formation', Journal Of Consumer Behaviour, 14, 3, pp. 208-218, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Dhurup, M, Muposhi, A, Shamhuyenhanzva, R 2015, 'Factors influencing South African consumers' attitudes and purchase intention towards foreign sport apparel', African Journal For Physical, Health Education, Recreation Dance, 21, 4:1, pp. 1271-1289, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Farhangi, A, Abaspour, A, Farahani, S, Ghasemi, R 2014, 'Analyzing the impact of social media on consumer attitudes toward the brand and their intention to purchase', Global Media Journal: Persian Edition, 9, 2, pp. 68-73, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Jha, S, Singh, B, K P, S 2014, 'Consumer Perception Scale in Store Environment (CPS-SE) for Measuring Consumer Buying Behavior', IUP Journal Of Marketing Management, 13, 3, pp. 48-70, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Kugler, L 2014, 'Keeping Online Reviews Honest', Communications Of The ACM, 57, 11, pp. 20-23, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Lemon, K, Verhoef, P 2016, 'Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey', Journal Of Marketing, 80, 6, pp. 69-96, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Lemon, K, Verhoef, P 2016, 'Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey', Journal Of Marketing, 80, 6, pp. 69-96, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Mudambi, S, Schuff, D 2010, 'What Makes A Helpful Online Review? A Study Of Customer Reviews On Amazon.Com', MIS Quarterly, 34, 1, pp. 185-200, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Nitzan, I, Libai, B 2011, 'Social Effects on Customer Retention', Journal Of Marketing, 75, 6, pp. 24-38, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schindler, R, Bickart, B 2012, 'Perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews: The role of message content and style', Journal Of Consumer Behaviour, 11, 3, pp. 234-243, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Soopramanien, D 2011, 'Conflicting attitudes and scepticism towards online shopping: the role of experience', International Journal Of Consumer Studies, 35, 3, pp. 338-347, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Walther, J, Liang, Y, Ganster, T, Wohn, D, Emington, J 2012, 'Online Reviews, Helpfulness Ratings, and Consumer Attitudes: An Extension of Congruity Theory to Multiple Sources in Web 2.0', Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18, 1, pp. 97-112, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017.

A Socio-psychological study of Seamus Heaneys poems The Grauballe Man and Strange Fruit Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot Essay Example

A Socio-psychological study of Seamus Heaneys poems The Grauballe Man and Strange Fruit Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot Essay Both Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney display an acute understanding of human pathos, which is manifest in their works. This essay peruses Waiting for Godot by Beckett and the poems The Grauballe Man Strange Fruit by Heaney to illustrate the social awareness contained in them. Social awareness (sometimes also referred to as social consciousness) is the collective consciousness shared by members of a society (which includes the author). To be socially aware is to be cognizant of ongoing issues and challenges facing different groups in a society. The literary works chosen for analysis here facilitate an understanding of the social awareness exhibited by the authors, as well as the authorial process and intent. Written by Samuel Beckett originally in French in 1948, the translated English version was first enacted on stage in 1953. One of the masterpieces of the absurdist tradition, the play is infused with psychological, political and philosophical symbolism. The plot is outwardly quite simple, involving interactions between two friends Estragon and Vladimir as they both wait for another friend named Godot to arrive. Although Godot does not arrive during the course of the play, his anticipation sets up the context for the musings and conversations of Estragon and Vladimir. Beckett creatively exploits this open ended plot structure to ponder over important questions about the human condition. Given that it was published in the aftermath of the Holocaust, it asks deep and compelling questions of the state of human civilization and the nature of our species. (Minghella, 2006, p.41) It was also a period when Existentialism as a philosophical school was taking roots. As a reflection of t his fact, the most ostensible symbolisms in the play pertain to the existentialist philosophical framework. Moreover, such utterances from the two lead characters as â€Å"to hold the terrible silence at bay†, â€Å"Nothing to be done†, â€Å"We are saved!†, etc offer profound interpretive scope for the reflective reader. (Beckett, 1956, p.77) We will write a custom essay sample on A Socio-psychological study of Seamus Heaneys poems The Grauballe Man and Strange Fruit Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Socio-psychological study of Seamus Heaneys poems The Grauballe Man and Strange Fruit Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Socio-psychological study of Seamus Heaneys poems The Grauballe Man and Strange Fruit Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The assertion that Beckett brings social awareness to his work is further borne by its periodicity. The first quote above (â€Å"to hold the terrible silence at bay†) alludes to the acute existential crisis shadowing the period after the Second World War. Written as it was in the aftermath of the most devastating war in history, Beckett’s preoccupations with the purpose of human life and how best to go about fulfilling it are in tune with the concerns and sentiments of the time. In this sense, the play is full of symbolisms of ‘existence’ and its opposite state ‘death’ – a pattern found in the works of other post-war intellectuals such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. It is for this reason that notions such as ‘death’, ‘nothingness’ and momentary crises of human existence are all symbolically expressed, illustrating the author’s awareness of his society. The same observation could be extended t o the set of Bog Poems in the collection Wintering Out by Seamus Heaney. Further, as scholar William Haney astutely observes, the difference between awareness and its content, between consciousness and mind, can aid understand the importance of Beckett’s abandonment of ordinary dramatic characterizations based upon usual/traditional motives. For example, â€Å"Estragon and Vladimir in Waiting for Godot are nearly without attributes–aging tramps locked in a love/hate relationship and full of uncertainty about the time, place, and purpose of their existence. According to Beckett’s aesthetic strategy, they reveal that access to a quality-less pure awareness, or even to a flavor of non-separateness, involves letting go of personal and social identities.† (Haney, 2001, p.39) W.T. Stace has more to say about this kind of awareness which he calls ‘introverted mysticism’. â€Å"Suppose that, after having got rid of all sensations, one should go on to exclude from consciousness all sensuous images, and then all abstract thoughts, reasoning processes, volitions, and other particular mental contents; what would there then be left of consciousness? There would be no mental content whatever but rather a complete emptiness, vacuum, void†¦.what emerges is a state of pure consciousness–â€Å"pure† in the sense that it is not the consciousness of any empirical content. It has no content except itself. (Stace, as quoted by Haney, 2001, p.39) This strain of Beckett’s thought, with its preoccupation with states of existence is also evident in Heaney’s works. In the latter’s works though, the focus is on one particular aspect of the human life cycle, namely that of death. The poem Grauballe Man – one of the Bog Poems– has a startling opening: â€Å"Who will say ‘corpse’?/ Who will say ‘corpse’/ to his vivid cast?/ Who will say ‘body’/ to his opaque repose?† (Heaney, as quoted in McLean, 2008, p.299) The poems of this genre delve into the bog landscapes of northwest Europe and Ireland and the uncannily preserved human corpses retrieved from their depths. The title of The Grauballe Man is taken from an archaeological find of an Iron Age man discovered in 1952 in the course of peat-cutting at Nebelgard Fen. It was a peat bog in the vicinity of the village of Grauballe in Jutland, Denmark. The mummified body is presently exhibited in the Moesga rd Museum of Prehistory near Arhus. (McLean, 2008, p.299) The Grauballe Man depicts a situation where recognition and disbelief coexist. The mummified ancient man meets the contemporary spectator with both identification and strangeness. The quality of otherness is marked by such features as â€Å"his darkened, leather-like appearance, his distorted features, the head partially flattened by the weight of peat over the intervening centuries†, etc. (McLean, 2008, p.299) Heaney artistically exploits these characteristics of the specimen and metamorphoses the vague human form via startling metaphor of its shapes and sizes. These lines from The Grauballe Man capture this essence: â€Å"As if he had been poured/ in tar, he lies/ on a pillow of turf/ and seems to weep/ the black river of himself†¦.† (Heaney, as quoted in Purdy, 2002, p.93) Another of the Bog Poems of Heaney is the Strange Fruit. It is believed that many of the bodies retrieved from bog excavations of the last century were those offered up as human sacrific e. What’s astonishing about these bodies is their ability to â€Å"abolish temporal distance, to make the past present. They are not skeletal remains; they have flesh on their bones and that flesh bears the marks of their living and their dying. They have hair and beard stubble and faces with expressions we think we recognize. They have stomachs that still contain the grains and seeds and plants they ate as their last meal. In a word, with their peculiar capacity to compress time, bog bodies are exemplary mnemotopes and speak of a life anchored in an everyday that was then but is also now. To an extraordinary degree, bog bodies allow us to see time.† (Purdy, 2002, p.93) The genius of Heaney is in bringing this extraordinary equation of time to the verse form. Both the Strange Fruit and the Graubelle Man make a synchrony between memory and bogland as well as a connection to national consciousness. This is a clear marker of the social awareness of the poet, for since the resumption of sectarian violence in Northern Ireland in 1969, poetry was confronted with new and urgent problems. For example, â€Å"the unforgettable photographs of these bog victims blends with photographs of atrocities, past and present in the long rites of Irish political and religious struggles†¦The poetry of Seamus Heaney articulates an inner world, a private landscape, an intimate voice. Yet his particular situation as a Catholic Nationalist living in Belfast during the worst of the Troubles challenges his lyricism as precious and superfluous. Heaney clearly suffers the tension between his personal dedication to a reflective art and his public responsibility towards political action†. (Purdy, 2002, p.93)